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Table of Contents:
Preface i  
1  The World of Natural Things 1  
1.1  Forces and Energy 1  
1.2  The Concepts of a Space and Time 8  
1.3  The Structure of Matter 18  
2  The Basics of Motion 23  
2.1  The Concept of a Point Mass 24  
2.2  Kinematics 26  
2.2.1  The Kinematics of Planetary Motion 32  
2.3  Simple Motion 36  
2.3.1  Accelerated Linear Motion 36  
2.3.2  Inclined Plane and Free Fall Motion 37  
2.3.2  Ballistic Motion 39  
2.3.4  Uniform Circular Motion 41  
3  Newton’s Laws of Motion 45  
3.1  Force, Momentum and Mass 46  
3.1.1  Superposition of Forces 52  
3.1.2  Newton’s Law of Gravity 54  
3.1.3  Inertial Mass and Heavy Mass 56  
3.2  Systems of Point Masses 59  
3.2.1  The Conservation of Momentum 61  
3.2.2  Collision Processes 63  
4  Energy, Potentials and Fields 81  
4.1  Energy, Work and Power 81  
4.1.1  Potential Energy 82  
4.1.2  Work and Power 84  
4.1.3  Kinetic Energy 88  
4.2  Potentials and Fields 90  
4.3  Examples of Fields 97  
5  Rotating Motion 109  
5.1  Angular Momentum 110  
5.2  Kepler Motion 114  
5.2.1  Bounded and Unbounded Motion 118  
5.3  Scattering off a Central Potential 123  
5.3.1  The Effective Cross Section 130  
5.4  Angular Momentum of Many Point Masses 132  
6  Rigid Body Rotation 137  
6.1  The Tensor of Inertia 137  
6.2  Euler’s Equations 142  
6.2.1  Euler Angles 146  
6.3  Gyroscope, Nutation, Precession 150  
6.4  Moving Frames of Reference 161  
7  Derived Forces 167  
7.1  Frictional Forces 167  
7.1.1  Static and Gliding Friction 168  
7.1.2  Rope Friction 170  
7.1.3  Fluid Friction 172  
7.2  Forces in Elastostatics 174  
7.2.1  The Stress Tensor 175  
7.2.2  Strains 177  
7.3  Hooke’s Law 181  
7.4  Forces in Elastodynamics 186  
8  The Motion of Fluids 189  
8.1  The Hydrostatic Pressure Equation 190  
8.2  The Continuity Equation 192  
8.3  Streamlines and Stream Function 194  
8.4  Bernoulli’s Equation 197  
8.5  Momentum Balance 197  
8.5.1  Microscopic Examination of Fluid Pressure 203  
8.5.2  Forces Acting on a Pipe 204  
8.5.3  The Euler Equation of Hydrodynamics 205  
8.6  Viscous Liquids 205  
9  Thermal Motion 209  
9.1  A Microscopic Examination of Gas Pressure 210  
9.2  Gas Temperature and Heat 214  
9.2.1  Atomic and Molecular Degrees of Freedom 215  
9.2.2  Heat Capacity of a Gas 217  
9.3  Adiabatic and Isothermal Processes 220  
9.3.1  Gas Compressibility 224  
9.3.2  The Barometric Height Formula 226  
9.4  Thermal Distributions 228  
9.4.1  The Boltzmann Distribution 228  
9.4.2  The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution 233  
9.5  The Mean Free Path 237  
9.6  Brownian Motion 240  
10  Oscillating Motion 245  
10.1  Harmonic Oscillation 245  
10.1.1  Simple Harmonic Oscillation 246  
10.1.2  Damped Harmonic Oscillation 248  
10.1.3  Forced Harmonic Oscillation 251  
10.1.4  Damped Forced Harmonic Oscillation 254  
10.2  Coupled Oscillations 262  
10.2.1  Two Spring-Coupled Pendula 263  
10.2.2  Stretching Vibration of a Molecule 269  
11  Wave Motion 277  
11.1  Simple Mechanical Waves 278  
11.2  Elastic Waves 285  
11.2.1  Sound Waves 288  
11.2.2  The Doppler Effect 291  
11.2.3  Damped Sound Waves 293  
11.3  Complex Waves and Wave Packets 295  
11.3.1  Fourier Series 295  
11.3.2  Wave Energy 297  
11.3.3  Wave Packets 301  
11.3.4  Waves in Three Dimensions 305  
11.4  Huygens Principle 306  
11.4.1  Reflection and Refraction 307  
11.4.2  Diffraction and Interference 311  
12  The Special Theory of Relativity 317  
12.1  The Relativity Principle 317  
12.2  Relativistic Kinematics 328  
12.2.1  The Lorentz Transformation 328  
12.2.2  Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation 330  
12.2.3  The Definition of Simultaneity 333  
12.2.4  The Concept of Space-Time 337  
12.2.5  The Relativistic Doppler Effect 341  
12.3  Relativistic Dynamics 347  
12.3.1  Relativistic Addition of Velocities 351  
12.3.2  Relativistic Momentum 355  
12.3.3  Relativistic Energy 361  
Appendix 369  

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